INTRODUCTION
This Syllabus was drawn from the Senior Secondary School Basic Electronics National Curriculum. The syllabus is developed to meet the needs of the students in understanding the basic concepts, principles and application as they relate to the world of work.
Candidates will be expected to cover all the topics in the units of the syllabus.
OBJECTIVES
i.knowledge and understanding of the basic concepts and principles of electronics.
ii.skills to build and test simple electronics devices and systems.
iii.skills in fault tracing and repairs.
iv.ability to use simple electronic devices in the construction of electronic systems.
v.preparedness for further work in Electronics.
STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMINATION
There will be TWO papers: I and II.
Paper I (Practical): This consists of TWO practical experiments to be carried out in 3 hours for a total of 100 marks.
Paper II (Theory): This consists of TWO sections A and B.
SECTION A:This consists of 50 multiple-choice questions to be answered in 1 hour for 50 marks.
SECTION B:Seven (7) essay questions for candidates to answer in 1 hour for 50 marks.
DETAILED SYLLABUS
| CONTENTS | NOTES |
|---|---|
(a)Electric Current | Structure of atom. Uses of Conductors and Insulators. Sources and uses of Direct and Alternating current. |
(b)Relationship between Voltage Current and Resistance | Define current, voltage and resistance. Measuring instruments (Voltmeter, Ammeter and Ohmmeter) Calculation involving voltage, current and resistance. |
(c)Electric Power | Definition of electrical power. Relationship between power, current and voltage. Units and instrument for measuring electric power. Calculation involving power. |
2.HAND TOOLS Definition and types | Meaning, definition and types of hand tools, e.g soldering iron, pliers, screws, brushes etc. |
3.MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Principles of operation, application and protection of measuring instruments | Instruments should include moving iron, moving coil, voltmeter, ammeter, ohmmeter, wattmeter, oscilloscope, transistor meter, wheatstone bridge and signal generator. |
4.ELECTRONICS COMPONENT AND CIRCUITS (a)Circuit Components Simple Electric Circuit | Types of resistors, capacitors and inductors. Identify signs, symbols and unit of components. Colour coding and rating of resistors and capacitors. |
(b)Electric Circuit | Electric circuit, circuit boards. Circuit arrangement i.e. series, parallel and series-parallel. Simple calculations on circuit arrangement. |
5.TRANSDUCERS AND SENSORS (a)Transducers and Sensors | Meaning of Transducer and Sensors. Principles of operation of transducer and sensor. Types and uses of transducer and sensor. |
(b)Acoustic transducers | Types of acoustic transducers. Applications of acoustic transducers. |
6.ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS (a)Passive and active circuit element | Resistors, inductor, capacitors, valves, transistor and diodes. Types, coding and rating of capacitors and resistors. Series and parallel arrangement of circuit elements, impedance of circuit. Composition of phasors. |
(b)Energy Sources | Battery, generator (ac and dc) and solar cells. |
(c)Alternating current signals in RLC, RL, RC in series. | Period, frequency, amplitude, peak to peak, instantaneous, average and RMS value including calculations. Phase representation of impedance of circuit. Composition of phasors. |
(d)Kirchoff's Laws | Mesh and Nodal equations for uncoupled circuits, simple network equations and calculation. |
7.APPLICATION OF RLC IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEM (a)RLC circuit | Frequency response, resonance circuit, Q-factor, bandwidth, selectivity. |
(b)Smoothing network | Simple low pass and high pass filters (active/passive). Simple integration and differentiating networks. |
| 8 | BASIC ELECTRICAL THEORY | ||
|---|---|---|---|
(a)Magnet and Magnetic field | Definition of magnetism, magnetic poles, magnetic field and magnetic materials. Permanent and temporary magnets. Law of attraction and repulsion. Applications of magnetism. |
| (b) | Electromagnetism | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Explanation of Electric field, Electromagnet, Electromagnetism inductance. Application of electromagnetism. Principle of operation of transformers. |
| 9. | ELECTRON EMISSION AND THERMIONIC DEVICES | ||
|---|---|---|---|
(a)Types of emission: i.Thermionic emission ii.Secondary emission iii.Field emission iv.Photo emission | State application of each of these emission i.e. thermionic valve, automatic door opener, field emission, microscope, photo sensor. |
| (b) | Effect of work function on rate of emission of electron for various metals. | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Qualitative treatment; e.g. E = ½MV² = hf - w; where w = hf₀ |
| (c) | Thermionic valves | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Types of emitters, cathode; directly and indirectly heated cathode (Ia - Va) characteristics of diodes and triodes. Polarity of cathode and Anode. Advantages of triode over diode. |
| (d) | Uses of diodes | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Rectification, regulation, detection. Instrument protection. |
| 10. | SEMI CONDUCTORS | ||
|---|---|---|---|
(a)Semi conductor theory | Elementary treatment of energy band theory. Intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductor. Formation, symbols and I - V characteristics of p-n junction diode. Show forward and reverse biasing. Doping, n-type and p-type semiconductors. |
| (b) | Diode | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Diode Rating, voltage, current and power dissipation. Uses and application of junction diodes. Description and uses of Zener diodex photo diodes, light emitting diodes (LED). |
| 11. | BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS AND OTHERS | ||
|---|---|---|---|
(a)Bipolar transistor configuration | Formation of pnp and npn transistors as a combination of two p-n junction simple crystal. Circuit symbol of transistors, movement of minority and majority carriers. The transistor as a current controlled device. Characteristics of npn and pnp transistor in Common Base, common emitter common collector modes and the circuit diagram. |
| TOPIC | DETAILS | |
|---|---|---|
(b)Common-cmitter amplifier (h-parameters) | Simple Numerical problems. Voltage and current rating including voltage gain, current and power gains. | |
(c)Transistor deficiencies | Thermal runaway and need for heat sink. | |
(d)Other semi-conductor devices i.Field effect transistor ii.Thermistor iii.Thyristor iv.UJT v.Diac and Triac | Formation, function and limitations. | |
(e)Integrated circuit | Advantages of IC over discrete transistors, pin-configuration and its advantages. | |
(f)Microprocessor | Concept of micro processor. RAM, ROM and EPROM applications. | |
12.AMPLIFIERS | ||
(a)A.F voltage amplifiers | Treatment of transistor as an a.f. amplifier, method of Biasing, correct and power gain in dB. Frequency response of Amplifiers distortion and its elimination | |
(b)Power Amplifier | Qualitative treatment including classification (A,B,C,) application, output characteristics, power gain and efficiency | |
(c)Push-pull amplifiers class A and B | Qualitative treatment including matched complementary pairs. | |
(d)Operational amplifiers (i)Inverting (ii)Non-inverting | Gain (inverting and Non inverting) properties and applications of operational amplifier; summing, differential, integrator and differentiator. | |
(e)Feedback in Amplifier i.Effect of feedback ii.Conditions for stability | Need for feedback, positive and negative feedback. Advantages and disadvantages of negative feedback. | |
(f)Two-stage amplifiers | Methods of coupling, conditions for matching. Consequences of mismatch, bandwidth and gain. Need for automatic gain control | |
13OSCILLATORS AND MULTIVIBRATORS | ||
(a)Principles and types of oscillators | Condition for oscillation, qualitative treatment of LC, Hartley, corpilts, RC and tuned load oscillators. Functions of the principal components. Positive feedback. Simple calculation on frequency of oscillation | |
(b)Multivibrators | Qualitative treatment of monostable, bistable and astable multivibrators |
| 14 | DIGITAL BASICS | ||
|---|---|---|---|
(a)Number system | Different number system, e.g. binary, octal and hexadecimal. Formation of different numbers. Simple calculation in binary number and conversion of number system. |
(b)Logic circuits | Qualitative treatment of OR, AND, NOT, NOR and NAND gates. Circuit symbols, truth table and Boolean expression for each gate. |
| 15 | POWER SUPPLY | ||
|---|---|---|---|
(a)Power supply units | Dry cell, solar cell, accumulator, power pack, a.c. mains. Advantages and disadvantages. |
(b)Rectification | Half and full wave rectification including filtering, stabilization and multipliers. Qualitative treatment of parameters determining performance. Voltage stability, ripple effect and smoothing. |
| 16 | COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS | ||
|---|---|---|---|
(a)Electromagnetic Spectrum | Radio, Gamma, X-ray, visible rays |
(b)Characteristics of Radio Waves | Velocity, frequency, wave length and their relationship |
(c)Modulation | Qualitative treatment of AM and FM including band width. Advantages and disadvantages of Am and FM |
(d)Radio Receivers | Block diagram of TRF and super heterodyne receivers showing direction of flow of signals. Function of each block only (treatment should include frequency mixing, detection, selectivity and sensitivity) Advantages of super heterodyne receiver over TRF. |
(e)Television | Principle of operation. Block diagram of monochrome and colour TV receivers. Direction of flow of signals and function of each block. Difference between monochrome and colour TV receiver. |
(f)Microphone and Loudspeaker | Principle of operations and sketches |
(g)Telephone, telex and radar | Qualitative treatment (Block diagrams) |
(h)Satellite | Concept of satellite communication. Principles of operation (Dish/LNB, frequency change, video crystal decoder, MPU and Audio section). Transmission and reception. Types of satellite dish and LNB. |
(i)Optical fibre | Limitation, application and advantages |
(j)Information and Communication Technology (ICT) | Operations of telephone, internet system and Global System Mobile (GSM) phones. |
| 17 | CONTROL SYSTEM |
|---|---|
(a)Control Circuit | Concept of open loop, closed loop, actuating signals, feedback elements in electronic systems. |
(b)Servo mechanism | Operation and application of servo-system. Operation of each unit of both open and close loop system. |
18ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ELECTRONICS | |
Entrepreneurship | Business opportunities in Electronics. Sources of Fund, Budgeting, Business and Management. |