Focal Competency: Applying knowledge of chemistry in everyday life
1.define chemistry;
2.describe the scientific method;
3.deduce the stages of the scientific method (e.g. problem identification, hypothesizing, experimenting etc.) through simple laboratory activities;
4.identify various applications of chemistry in the society;
5.apply scientific method to carry out simple activities.
Focal Competency: Identifying chemical industries in the local environment
1.explain the meaning of chemical industry;
2.identify chemical industries in their environment;
3.distinguish between different categories of chemical industries;
4.state the importance of chemical industries in their environment;
5.identify environmental problems caused by chemical industries and possible solutions.
Focal Competency: Identifying the branches of chemistry, their prime focus and importance
1.identify various branches of chemistry;
2.relate events in the environment with the branches of chemistry;
3.state the importance of chemistry to individuals and the society.
Focal Competency: Apply relevant techniques for the separation of mixtures
1.explain the terms separation techniques;
2.identify substances that require separation;
3.discuss ways of separating the substances into components;
4.name the apparatus for separating the substances;
5.use different techniques to separate mixtures.
Focal Competency: Acquiring information on safety and ways of preventing hazards associated with chemicals
1.state the meaning of chemical hazards;
2.name common Laboratory hazards;
3.identify the symbols of common laboratory hazards.
Focal Competency: Acquiring information on safety and ways of preventing hazards associated with chemicals
1.identify safe ways of storing and retrieving chemicals in the laboratory;
2.describe proper ways of disposing chemicals;
3.recite chemistry laboratory safety rules/pledge;
4.work safely in a chemistry laboratory.
Focal Competency: Using symbols, formulae and equations to express the composition and interactions between elements and compounds
1.define the following: • symbols, formulae, valencies and equations, • empirical and molecular formulae;
2.identify the first 20 elements on the Periodic Table;
3.write the symbols of the first 20 elements and other common elements;
4.write the chemical formula of common substances;
5.write and balance simple chemical equations;
6.calculate mass of atomic numbers and valencies of elements from symbols and formulae.
Focal Competency: Using symbols, formulae and equations to express the composition and interactions between elements and compounds
1.define the elements, compounds and mixtures;
2.explain the differences between elements, compounds and mixtures;
3.group substances as elements, compounds and mixtures;
4.write the chemical formula of simple compounds;
5.separate mixtures into their constituent elements;
6.determine the: • percentage composition of elements in a compound, • empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds.
Focal Competency: Identifying the fundamental particles of matter
1.explain the concept of matter;
2.Recognize the various states of matter;
3.name the fundamental particles of matter;
4.state the postulates of Dalton's Atomic theory;
5.explain the significance of Dalton's theory in chemistry.
Focal Competency: Determining the relative atomic masses
1.state the fundamental constituents of atoms;
2.discuss the properties of subatomic particles;
3.describe the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and orbitals
4.differentiate among atomic number, mass number, and isotopes.
5.Calculate relative atomic masses.
Focal Competency: Demonstrating the knowledge of how the chemical laws regulate natural processes, interactions and the formation of natural compounds
1.explain the laws of conservation of matter, constant composition, reciprocal proportion and multiple proportions;
2.determine valency of elements from their atomic configuration;
3.explain how the relationship between the valency and reactivity of elements to form new substances;
4.perform simple experiments and solve simple problems involving the laws of conservation of matter, constant composition, reciprocal proportion and multiple proportions.
Focal Competency: Identifying substances with the different types of chemical bond
1.explain the meaning of chemical bond;
2.name the major types of chemical bonds;
3.identify substances with each type of chemical bonds;
4.describe the properties of each type of bond;
5.state the IUPAC nomenclature of compounds.
6.construct models to illustrate different types of chemical bonds in simple compounds.
Focal Competency: Identifying reactions in equilibrium
1.explain chemical equilibrium;
2.write balanced equations for simple equilibrium reactions;
3.state the characteristics of equilibrium systems;
4.apply Le Chatelier's principle to predict equilibrium shifts;
5.describe the factors affecting equilibrium of chemical reaction;
6.mention applications of chemical equilibrium in the industry.
Focal Competency: Illustrating the gas laws with appropriate equations and solving problems related to the laws
1.Blow up a balloon and relate expansion of the balloon to kinetic theory.
2.Illustrate Graham's Law of diffusion of gases using soaked cotton wool in ammonia and HCl solutions.
3.Convert given temperature from one scale to another e.g. oC to oF, oC to K, etc.
4.Watch video clips on how to obtain variables: V, P and T, using combined gas equation (i.e. PV = nRT) and work in pairs to derive the various gas equations.
5.Work in groups to solve mathematical problems involving the gas laws.
6.Brainstorm in groups and identify the various applications of gas laws in the industry. • Pictures/Charts on the applications of gas laws in industrial processes. • Cotton wool • Ammonia Solution • Concentrated HCl • Thermometer; • Glass vessels, • Syringes • Balloons • Pressure gauge • Thermometer • Multimedia projector • Video clips. • CD or DVD players. • Power source. Students to:
1.state the gas laws;
2.derive the general gas equation;
3.solve numerical problems involving gas laws;
4.use the kinetic theory to explain the behaviour of gases;
5.identify the applications of gas laws in industrial processes.
Focal Competency: Identifying acids, bases and salts in substances
1.define acids, bases and salts;
2.identify acids and bases and salts;
3.state the uses of acids, bases and salts;
4.describe how acid- base indicator works;
5.explain neutralization reaction;
6.write balanced equations for neutralization reactions;
7.describe the pH a scale;
8.discuss the importance of the pH values;
9.identify and prepare salts (normal, acidic, basic salts);
Focal Competency: Identifying acids, bases and salts in substances
Focal Competency: Demonstrating water purification using filtration and distillation methods
1.Work in groups to make a list of sources of water.
2.Use charts to write the chemical formula, electronic configuration, describe the structure of water; and state the properties of water.
3.Work in groups purify water using filtration and distillation methods. • Charts on structure and sources of water. • Water samples. • The periodic Table. • Markers and cardboard papers. • Plastic buckets or basins. • School chemistry laboratory. • Local sieves, pieces of cloth, filter paper, funnels, etc. Students to:
1.list some sources and properties of water;
2.sketch the structure of water;
3.write the chemical formula of water;
4.enumerate the properties and uses of water.
5.define pure and impure water;
6.list substances that contaminate water;
7.describe the methods used in purifying water.
Focal Competency: Identifying the structure, practical applications and importance of carbon
1.identify the position of carbon on the Periodic Table;
2.describe the structure of carbon;
3.state the atomic number, mass number, valency and relative atomic mass of carbon;
4.identify various substances in and around us that contain carbon;
5.describe the unique characteristics of carbon as an element;
6.define the term allotrope;
7.identify the isotopes of carbon;
8.explain the relationship between the structure of carbon and the existence of many natural and synthetic carbon containing compounds;
9.explain the uses and importance of carbon to life and the society.
Focal Competency: Identifying chemistry related business ideas
1.explain the meaning of entrepreneurship;
2.describe the concept of entrepreneurship in chemistry
3.explain the concept of chemistry-based entrepreneurship;
4.identify entrepreneurship knowledge, skills, and attitudes;
5.generate chemistry related business ideas: societal needs;
6.prepare a business plan for a chemistry related enterprise.